Origin of the safety features


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Materials used in Turbine blades

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There has been a wide range of materials used for the manufacturing of gas turbine blades. It is one of the most important parts in a gas turbine and any deterioration of it will affect the performance and efficiency of the turbine and most importantly will damage the turbine.  Many materials have been tested and used but the most preferred materials include steel, titanium, Nickel based super alloys and ceramics. The first stage of the compressor is very delicate as it is subjected to a very high temperature of approx. 1400-1500 degree celsius.  This part of the turbine should tolerate high temperatures, high pressures, high thermal stresses including creep and fatigue, vibrations which can influence it's performance. The first stage uses Udimet 500, Nickel based super alloy Inconel 738 or GTD 111.  The relatively cold stages of the turbine employ titanium as there are chances of it igniting when used above 500 degree celsius.      ...
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Self Energizing Brakes

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The usual drum brakes in our car are provided with a remarkable feature called 'servo' or 'self energizing' feature. It is this feature that is responsible for the smooth and flat application of brakes in automobiles. When the vehicle is moving left, in the forward direction, then the drum will rotate in the anticlockwise direction. When the brake pedal is suddenly pressed, the two brake shoes at the drum will have full contact with the drum. However, one of the brake shoes, the primary brake shoe tends to slip for a certain distance in the drum's direction. Due to this, the primary brake shoe will tend to apply a rearwards force on the secondary brake shoe at the bottom. The wheel cylinder at the top forces the piston against the top of both the brake shoes. Due to this, the secondary brake shoe experiences force on both the sides i.e the top and bottom side.  This ensures that the brakes are applied uniformly and much less effort is applied.
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Starting system in Gas turbine

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In addition to the components of the gas turbine, there are accessory systems such as the starting system, ignition system, lubrication system and cooling system for proper functioning and maintenance of the system.  In order to start the assembly, a starter is used which can be a diesel engine or a generator that is directly coupled to the shaft of the compressor/turbine assembly.  The functions of the starter are three fold. The starter is to rotate the generator so that it reaches a self sustaining speed and to drive the compressor to purge the inlet and exhaust ducts for the escape of any volatile gases before the ignition occurs.  The starter is also used to rotate the gas generator after shutdown to facilitate cooling. For these purposes two starters are used.  One of them is a high speed starter which is used for rotating the generator and the other is used for purging and cooling purposes which is of low speed.  The gas generator can...
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